b.+Key+Concepts

**Autocracy:**
Government in which one person has uncontrolled or unlimited authority over others; the government or power of an absolute monarch.

**Bolsheviks:**
an extreme political radical; revolutionary or anarchist, associated with the proletariates in society.

**Bourgeois:**
A member of the middle class, professional (educated) workers.

**Communism:**
A theoretical economic system characterised by the collective ownership of property and by the organisation of labour for the common advantage of all members.

**Duma:**
An elected parliament for Russia, with the power to make laws.

**Industrialisation:**
To undergo the development of industry on an extensive scale.

**Manifesto:**
A public declaration of intentions issued by a government.

**Marxism:**
The economic and political theory developed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that holds that actions and human institutions are economically determined, that the class struggle is the basic agency of historical change, and that capitalism will ultimately be superseded by communism.

**Massacre:**
The unnecessary, indiscriminate killing of a large number of human beings or animals.

**Mensheviks:**
The opposition to the Bolsheviks in the Social Democratic Workers party in Russia, associated with the bourgeois in society. Later absorbed into the Communist Party in 1918.

**Moujiks**
Russian peasant.

**Mutiny:**
Revolt or rebellion against authority, especially by sailors against their officers.

**Proletariat:**
The working class in society.

**Regime:**
A Government in power.

**Revolution:**
An overthrow or repudiation and the thorough replacement of an established government or political system by the people governed.

**Romanov:**
A member of the imperial dynasty of Russia that ruled from 1613-1917.

**Serf:**
A slave.

**Socialism:**
A theory or system of social organisation that advocates the vesting of the ownership and control of the means of production and distribution, of capital, land etc., in the community as a whole.

**Tsar:**
Emperor or King of Russia, an autocratic ruler.

Meanings adapted from: [|www.dictionary.com]